3. Секція "Матеріалознавство порошкових та композиційних матеріалів і покриттів"
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Документ EFFECT OF THE STRUCTURE OF TiB2–(Fe–Mo) PLASMA COATINGS ON MECHANICAL AND TRIBOTECHNICAL PROPERTIES(Powder Metallurgy and Metal Ceramics, 2017) M. S. Storozhenko; A. P. Umanskii; A. E. Terentiev; I. M. Zakiev2The structure, mechanical properties, and wear-resistance of TiB2–(Fe–Mo) plasma coatings are investigated. Composite powders in the TiB2–(Fe–Mo) system with 20, 40, 60, and 80 wt.% of the Fe–13 wt.% Mo alloy were produced by vacuum sintering with subsequent grinding. The developed powders are conglomerates that contain both refractory and metallic phases. During plasma spraying of developed coatings, a coating with heterophase structure, which consists of Fe-based metal alloy and titanium diboride grains, is formed. The effect of the microstructure of plasma-sprayed coatings on the wear-resistance under abrasive wear and dry sliding friction conditions is studied. The scratch hardness testing revealed an insufficient strength of TiB2–20 wt.% (Fe–13 wt.% Mo) coatings and their poor adhesion to the coating base, resulting in the extremely gross wear, when friction. It is found out that, due to the optimal ratio of refractory and metallic phases, the TiB2–40 wt.% (Fe–13 wt.% Mo) coating possesses high wear-resistance under abrasive wear and dry sliding friction conditions.Документ STRUCTURE, PHASE COMPOSITION, AND WEAR MECHANISMS OF PLASMA-SPRAYED NiCrSiB–20 wt.% TiB2 COATING(Powder Metallurgy and Metal Ceramics, 2015) A. P. Umanskii; M. S. Storozhenko; I. V. Hussainova; A. E. Terentiev; A. M. Kovalchenko; M. M. AntonovThe structure, phase composition, and wear mechanisms of plasma-sprayed NKhTB20 coating (NiCrSiB–20 wt.% TiB2) are studied. To produce NKhTB20 composite powder, commercial PR-NKh16SR3 (NiCrSiB) powder was mixed with 20 wt.% TiB2 and the charge was pressed and sintered in vacuum at 1100C for 30 min. During sintering, the components react to form chromium borides. The sinters were ground and classified into the particle size fraction –100+60 nm for plasma spraying. The plasma-sprayed NKhTB20 coating consists of a nickel-based matrix reinforced with titanium diboride and chromium boride grains. The friction and wear behavior of the NKhTB20 coating in dry friction against plasma-sprayed NiCrSiB and NKhTB20 coatings is examined. It is revealed that the NKhTB20/NiCrSiB friction pair has higher wear resistance than NKhTB20/NKhTB20. The contact surfaces of the NKhTB20/NKhTB20 friction pair are damaged under oxidative and abrasive wear mechanisms. Oxidative wear is the dominant mechanism for the NKhTB20/NiCrSiB friction surface. Complex oxide films form on the NKhTB20/NiCrSiB sliding surface and prevent it from damage.Документ Effect of oxidation on sliding wear behavior of NiCrSiB-TiB2 plasma sprayed coatings(Key Engineering Materials, 2014) O. Umanskyi; I. Hussainova; M. Storozhenko; O. Terentyev; M. AntonovThe main goal of this work is to study dry sliding wear behavior of NiCrSiB-TiB2 plasma sprayed coating against NiCrSiB coating. NiCrSiB-based сomposite powders with 10, 20, 40 wt.% TiB2 particles content were deposited on steel substrates by plasma spraying. The structure of NiCrSiB-TiB2 coatings consists of Ni-based matrix and TiB2 and CrB grains. Among the coatings studied, the NiCrSiB-20wt.%TiB2 shows excellent wear-resistance. The worn surfaces were observed using scanning electron microscopy and Auger electron spectrometry analysis to determine the wear mechanisms.Документ Synthesis and spark plasma sintering of Si3N4–ZrN self-healing composites(2022 Elsevier Ltd., 2022) Ostap Zgalat-Lozynskyy; I. Kud; L. Ieremenko; L. Krushynska; D. Zyatkevych; K. Grinkevych; O. Myslyvchenko; V. Danylenko; S. Sokhan; A. RagulyaA Si3N4–ZrN wear-resistant self-healing composite material was developed. Si3N4–ZrN composite ultrafine powders were synthesized at a temperature of 1200 ◦С via solid-state reactions without milling and densified by spark plasma sintering at 1650 ◦C to a relative density of 97 ± 0.5%. Balls 13.494 mm in diameter for ball bearings manufactured by spark plasma sintering had a fine-grained structure with a grain size of 200–500 nm, Vickers hardness of 22.5 ± 1.8 GPa, and indentation fracture toughness of 6.2 ± 0.4 MPa. The tribological properties of the composite were investigated under static and dynamic loading. The self-healing capability of the Si3N4–ZrN composite was evaluated in the temperature range 500–550 ◦С. High-temperature three-point bending tests of notched specimens showed a bending strength of 383 ± 21 MPa at room temperature and 413 ± 30 MPa at 500 ◦С, which confirmed the self-healing of the composite.Документ POLYMER MATERIALS REINFORCED WITH SILICON NITRIDE PARTICLES FOR 3D PRINTING(Springer Science+Business Media, LLC, 2020) O.B. Zgalat-Lozynskyy; O.O. Matviichuk; O.I.Tolochyn; O.V. Ievdokymova; N.O. Zgalat-Lozynska; V.I.Zakiev3Comprehensive research into the production of a ceramic-reinforced polymer material from highdensity polyethylene or polypropylene and -Si3N4 powder was conducted. The incorporation of silicon nitride ceramic particles (5 and 10 vol.%) into the polymers to make polymer–ceramic filaments was studied step by step. High-quality polypropylene–ceramic filaments could be obtained at an extrusion temperature of 150oC with an extrusion speed of 20 cm/min and polyethylene–ceramic filaments at 160oC and 30 cm/min. Data on the shape and size distribution of Si3N4 particles were used to simulate the elementary volume of the filaments to determine the mechanical properties of the composites applying a 2D finite-element model. The reinforcement of the polypropylene/polyethylene-matrix material by 10 vol.% Si3N4 particles was not sufficient because the composite elastic modulus increased insignificantly and the critical strain decreased substantially to incorporate a greater volume of hard particles to improve the elastic modulus. To assess the quality of the polymer–ceramic filaments, parts of different shape (washer and auger) from reinforced and unreinforced filaments were designed and printed. The printed polymer–ceramic parts demonstrated a smooth surface and had no ledges or discontinuous areas. The mechanical (Vickers and Brinell hardness) and tribological (volume wear) properties of the materials were examined. Wear tests of the polyethylene–Si3N4 composite showed that its wear resistance tended to improve with increasing ceramic content of the filament. The low abrasive wear of the Si3N4-reinforced polypropylene/polyethylene material and the behavior of ceramic particles in contact with the indenter indicate that the composite has high fracture resistance in 3D printing.Документ MATERIALS AND TECHNIQUES FOR 3D PRINTING IN UKRAINE (OVERVIEW)(Springer Science+Business Media, LLC, 2022) O.B. Zgalat-LozynskyyAn overview of additive manufacturing techniques in Ukraine from the end of the last century to 2021 is presented. The current state of 3D printing in Ukraine was analyzed in terms of new developments (startups), research areas, and direct implementation of additive manufacturing techniques. The main scientific and research teams that were actively engaged in the development and implementation of additive manufacturing techniques in Ukraine since the end of the 1990s were addressed. They include those involved in research of selective laser sintering for ceramic powders produced from refractory ZrO2–TiO2 and TiN–TiB2 compounds conducted at the Frantsevich Institute for Problems of Materials Science, National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine, and research intended to produce 3D parts by fused deposition of metals or alloys called xBeam 3D Metal Printing conducted at the Paton Electric Welding Institute, National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine. This technique found its commercial implementation in the Chervona Hvilya PJSC startup. The paper discusses the main trends in the development of new equipment for 3D printing with ceramics, polymer/ceramic materials, and metals and alloys, as well as experiments combining different materials to achieve new properties. The latest experiments on the shape of materials are presented. They involve the formation of lattice structures that not only reduce the weight of parts but also impart properties that are comparable to those of dense materials. The main attention is paid to the overview of up-to-date capabilities and prospects for the use of additive manufacturing techniques and materials in national materials science. Attention is also focused on prospects for producing parts of complex shape for various functional purposes from ceramics, metals, and associated composites.Документ СУЧАСНІ ТЕХНОЛОГІЇ 3D-ДРУКУ, МІКРОХВИЛЬОВОЇ ОБРОБКИ ТА ІСКРО-ПЛАЗМОВОГО СПІКАННЯ ДЛЯ ВИГОТОВЛЕННЯ ВИРОБІВ ІЗ КОМПОЗИЦІЙНИХ МАТЕРІАЛІВ НА ОСНОВІ ТУГОПЛАВКИХ СПОЛУК За матеріалами доповіді на засіданні Президії НАН України 6 березня 2024 року(Інститут проблем матеріалознавства ім. І. М. Францевича Національної академії наук України, 2024) ЗГАЛАТ-ЛОЗИНСЬКИЙ Остап Броніславович; Zgalat-Lozynskyy O.B.У доповіді наведено найважливіші результати фундаментальних та прикладних досліджень, проведених в Інституті проблем матеріалознавства ім. І.М. Францевича НАН України з розроблення сучасних технологій синтезу та консолідації композиційних матеріалів на основі тугоплавких спо- лук для виготовлення виробів, що експлуатуються в умовах екстремальних температур, навантажень та агресивних середовищ, а також створен- ня новітніх матеріалів для 3D-друку за технологіями робокастингу та FDM. Представлено новітні розробки в галузі переробної промисловості, які передбачають впровадження екологічно чистих та енергоощадних технологій обробки руди, що має особливе значення для підвищення конку- рентоспроможності експортно орієнтованих галузей економіки України у післявоєнний час. The report presents the most important results of fundamental and applied research conducted at the Frantsevich Institute for Problems of Materials Science, National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine, on the development of modern technologies for the synthesis and consolidation of composite materials based on high-melting-point compounds for the manufacture of products that are operated in conditions of extreme temperatures, loads and aggressive environments, as well as the latest materials for 3D printing using Robocasting and FDM technologies. Novel developments in the processing industry are presented, which involve the introduction of environmentally friendly and energy-efficient ore processing technologies, which is of particular importance for the development of the competitiveness of export-oriented sectors of the Ukrainian economy in the post-war period.Документ THE ROLE OF HAFNIUM IN MODERN THERMAL BARRIER COATINGS(Springer Science+Business Media, LLC, 2021) S.M. Lakiza; M.I. Hrechanyuk; V.P. Red’ko; O.K. Ruban; Ja.S. Tyshchenko; A.O. Makudera; O.V. DudnikThe world’s experience in using hafnium in two important parts of high-temperature thermal barrier coatings, such as the top thermal barrier layer and bond coat layer, was analyzed. In the top thermal barrier layer, hafnium is present as HfO2 completely or partially stabilized by yttria (or other rare- earth oxides). Another approach is to use hafnium dioxide as an addition to conventional coatings based on ZrO2 stabilized completely or partially. Electron-beam physical vapor deposition (EB- PVD) and air plasma spray process (APS) are most common techniques for applying thermal barrier coatings containing hafnium dioxide. Magnetron sputtering turned out to be successful as well. Compared to the 8YSZ coating, the 7.5YSH coating showed reduced Young’s modulus, 30% lower thermal conductivity (decreased to 0.5–1.1 W/(m · K)) at high temperatures for HfO2 stabilized with 27 wt.% Y2O3, and higher sintering resistance and heat resistance. Doping of ZrO2 and HfO2 by several stabilizers proved to be promising: specifically, doping by a mixture of one trivalent ion larger than Y3+ and another trivalent ion smaller than Y3+, preserving the metastable structure of the t phase. The importance of phase diagrams for a correct choice of the top coat composition and doping elements for the bond coat is shown. Doping the bond coat with a small amount (up to 1 wt.%) of hafnium improved its cyclic oxidation resistance and increased the adhesion of the thermally grown oxide layer to the bond coat and strength of the latter.Документ THERMAL BARRIER COATINGS BASED ON ZrO2 SOLID SOLUTIONS(Springer Science and Business Media LLC, 2020) E.V. Dudnik; S.N. Lakiza; I.N. Hrechanyuk; A.K. Ruban; V.P. Redko; I.O. Marek; V.B. Shmibelsky; A.A. Makudera; N.I. HrechanyukThe standard material of the ceramic layer in thermal barrier coatings (TBCs)—a solid solution of ZrO2 stabilized with (6–8 wt.%) Y2O3 (YSZ)—approaches the temperature limit of its application (<1200°C) because the ZrO2 t phase sinters and undergoes t-ZrO2 T-ZrO2 + F-ZrO2 phase transformations to form M-ZrO2 at elevated temperatures. Ceramic materials for a new generation of TBCs need to be developed to increase the operating temperature (up to 1600°C), efficiency, and productivity of gas-turbine engines. The overview paper analyzes research efforts focusing on the development of TBCs using solid solutions of ZrO2 with rare-earth metal and titanium oxides. When Y2O3 in YSZ is partially substituted by CeO2, TiO2, La2O3, Sc2O3, Gd2O3, Nd2O3, Yb2O3, Er2O3, and Ta2O5, ceramics with high phase stability (ZrO2 t phase being retained in the coating) up to 1500°C, lower thermal conductivity, and required fracture toughness and sintering resistance but shorter thermal fatigue life than that of standard YSZ are produced. The concepts of greater tetragonality of the ZrO2 t phase (ceramics in the ZrO2–CeO2–TiO2 system) and a 'multicomponent defective cluster' (ceramics in the ZrO2–Y2O3–Nd2O3 (Gd2O3, Sm2O3)–Yb2O3 (Sc2O3) system) explain how the operating temperature of the TBC ceramic layer increases to 1350oC and 1600oC, respectively. The thermal conductivity of TBC ceramics in the binary ZrO2–CeO2, ZrO2–Er2O3, ZrO2–Sm2O3, ZrO2–Nd2O3, ZrO2–Gd2O3, ZrO2–Dy2O3, and ZrO2–Yb2O3 systems is lower than that of YSZ. Ceramics with high phase stability and low thermal conductivity have been produced in the ternary ZrO2–Sc2O3–Gd2O3, ZrO2–CeO2–Gd2O3, ZrO2–YbO1.5–TaO2.5, and ZrO2–Yb2O3–TiO2 systems. An integrated approach is needed to choose the composition of the ceramic layer based on the ZrO2 solid solution, select the coating technique, and improve the coating architecture to design effective TBCs with balanced properties.Документ THERMAL BARRIER COATINGS: CURRENT STATUS, SEARCH, AND ANALYSIS(1068-1302/18/0102-0082 2018 Springer Science+Business Media, LLC, 2018) S. M. Lakiza; M. I. Grechanyuk; O. K. Ruban; V. P. Redko; M. S. Glabay; O. B. Myloserdov; O. V. Dudnik; S. V. ProkhorenkoThe principles for selecting materials to be used as thermal barrier coatings (TBCs) are presented. The advantages and disadvantages of new methods for TBC deposition are briefly described. After measurement of the thermal conductivity and thermal expansion coefficient, it is required to ascertain that such materials do not interact with the thermally grown aluminum oxide and then to determine their strength, fracture toughness, hardness, and Young’s modulus. The thermal conductivity of TBC can be reduced by increasing its porosity and suppressing its sintering. The need for and drawbacks of multilayer coatings are shown. If TBC meets all the requirements, then TBC corrosion resistance to Na2SO4, V2O5, P2O5, sand, and volcanic ash in operation and ways to protect TBC against damage need to be determined. The prospects and areas for development of these techniques are outlined.